Kilns are critical in transforming materials by drying, softening, or hardening them. Kilns can be electric or gas, and the ideal type depends on the application. Both types of kilns are widely used in the ceramics industry to produce tiles, pottery, and tableware, as well as in the glassmaking industry to produce drinkware and windows. Industrial applications use gas or electric kilns based on power availability, ventilation requirements, duration of use, and configuration preferences.
Here, we will compare the efficiency, cost considerations, and installation of electric kilns vs. gas kilns to help you select the right one for your project.
Which Is More Efficient, a Gas or Electric Kiln?
Kiln efficiency is measured by the heat distribution, energy consumption, and time it takes for the kiln to reach the intended temperature. Gas kilns rely on combustion to quickly reach the desired temperature. However, gas kilns can have longer firing times and consume more energy than electric kilns. Electric kilns generate heat from electric resistance, efficiently controlling temperature with precision and consistency. Electric kilns are preferred for applications requiring precise control of temperature.
Cost Considerations for Firing a Gas or an Electric Kiln
When selecting a gas or electric kiln, consider the following costs associated with firing:
- Power Rating: Kiln power ratings are indicated in British thermal units (BTUs) or kilowatts (kW) per hour. The power rating is critical in determining the approximate energy consumption.
- Ampere-Hours (Ah): Ampere-hours can also help you estimate the energy usage of a kiln.
- Energy Costs: Energy prices vary depending on the unit's energy source and region of installation. Understanding the energy cost is essential in determining the cost of firing the gas or electric kiln and can be requested from your local energy supplier.
Formulas for Calculating the Cost of Firing an Electric Kiln
To calculate how much it would cost to fire an electric kiln, determine the values of these four variables:
- The unit's amps (A).
- The unit's volts (V).
- The estimated firing time in hours, multiplied by 0.75. The kiln will only draw full power intermittently unless the kiln will be running at full power the entire time it is operating. The percentage can be adjusted based on usage, with 100% being full power and 75% being typical usage.
- The cost per kWh from your electricity supplier.
The firing cost of an electric kiln can be calculated from the product of the four variables above, multiplied by 1,000.
The formula assumes a typical, even increase per hour. A kiln that will be fired for longer periods will not consume as much energy as a kiln that is firing at full power for a slightly shorter period. The energy usage increases when the kiln is firing at full power, resulting in higher costs.
The following is another method of calculating the cost of operating an electric kiln.
- Find the wattage of the kiln by multiplying the volts and amps. For instance, a 120 V, 15 A kiln runs at 1,800 W.
- Divide the wattage by 1,000 to calculate it in kilowatts. For example, a 1,800 W kiln is equivalent to 1.8 kW.
- Multiply the kW by the cost per kW of electricity from your supplier. For example, a 1.8 kW kiln at $0.15 per hour will cost $0.27 per kW hour (kWh) every hour the kiln is on full power.
- If the kiln runs at a typical, incremental firing rate, multiply the value in step 3 by 0.75. This reduction can be eliminated if you plan to use the kiln at full power.
Efficient kilns require less energy to raise and maintain specified temperatures. Efficiency is enhanced by high-quality insulation, sealing, and construction materials, which prevent heat from escaping. Temperature and duration adjustments are also essential in minimizing energy consumption and achieving the desired results. A kiln operating at higher temperatures for longer periods will consume more energy.
Installation of a Gas or Electric Kiln
When selecting a gas kiln vs. electric kiln for an application, consider your specific circumstances and industry requirements.
A gas or propane kiln requires a certified professional to set it up, connect it to a gas line, and install proper ventilation. Gas kilns require more expertise and infrastructure to install, which tends to make them better suited for large production plants.
To set up an electric kiln, set it up in a well-ventilated location and connect it to an electrical outlet. Electric kilns are more popular for smaller facilities and private use.
Transform Your Production With Heat Treat Now—Your Kiln Solution Specialist
Selecting the right gas or electric kiln for your application is critical in optimizing the profitability, quality, and efficiency of your operations. Heat Treat Now is a leading oven, furnace, and kiln supplier in the United States. We offer industry-leading brands, including Olympic Kilns, Hot Shot Oven and Kiln, Cress Manufacturing, Evenheat, and Paragon Industries. Our expertise and high-quality products ensure you get the ideal kiln for your industry, whether it’s for metal production, chemical processing, clay making, glass fabrication, automotive manufacturing, 3D printing, or other applications.
Request a quote to get started with your gas or electric kiln solution.